Essay On Augustine And Aquinas - 1567 Words

Katie Farley Question Set #6- AUGUSTINE AQUINAS DUE TUESDAY, OCT 17th BY 7PM ON BLACKBOARD. 12pt FONT AUGUSTINE (a) What problem made Augustine dissatisfied with Christianity? (b) For what reasons did Augustine become dissatisfied with the Manichees? Augustine wanted to know if God is all good then why is there evil in the world. â€Å"The Christian God was proclaimed to be both almighty and perfectly good. But if that is so, where does evil come from† (pg. 228). He wanted to understand how these two could work together and how God could be both or allow both to be in the world. Augustine began to read the Bible but he was frustrated because it was not written like the Roman poets with a clear precise message. â€Å"†¦ So Augustine turned†¦show more content†¦235). This shows that they wanted to be together as one. Once they had reached complete unity together everything was perfect with no problems. â€Å"Mystics talk of this experience in terms of identity of self â€Å"the All,† with â€Å"the One,† or with â€Å"God.† It is accompanied by an absolutely untroubled bliss† (pg. 235). The mystical experience tries to explain that we are all one with God, because God is the one. How does Augustine solve the problem of natural evil? Augustine believes in moral evil but when it comes to natural evil he says that there is no such thing. â€Å"The heart of Augustine’s solution can be simply stated: Natural evil does not exist† (pg. 238). If the evil does not exist then there is no need to address that problem. He does say that evil is here but instead it is the lack of something good that is being blocked. â€Å"What we call evil is just a lack of the being that something should have. Evil is the prevention of good† (pg. 238). He does not deny that there is not evil in this world but instead explains that evil only stops something from being good. He says that the world does still have things that are evil but in reality, it is made up from our experiences and perceptions about that one thing. How, for Augustine, are the soul and the body related? The body and soul work together as one but separately at the same time being two different aspects that make us who we are. Augustine believed that the soul gives us knowledge of the truth and helps guideShow MoreRelated A Philosophical Criticism of Augustine and Aquinas Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Philosophical Criticism of Augustine and Aquinas: The Relationship of Soul and Body       The relationship of the human soul and physical body is a topic that has mystified philosophers, scholars, scientists, and mankind as a whole for centuries. Human beings, who are always concerned about their place as individuals in this world, have attempted to determine the precise nature or state of the physical form. They are concerned for their well-being in this earthly environment, as well as theirRead MoreEssay on Plotinus, Augustine, Aquinas, K.Wojtyla on Person and Ego3217 Words   |  13 PagesPlotinus, Augustine, Aquinas, K.Wojtyla on Person and Ego ABSTRACT: Today the connection between person and the I is acknowledged in many respects but not always analyzed. The need to relate it to the reality of the human being has sparked the present investigation of the philosophical anthropology of four thinkers from the late ancient, medieval, and contemporary periods. Although it may seem that the question of the role of the I with respect to the human being hinges on the larger problemRead MoreProposed Seven Philosophers On The Existence Of God And Their Development Of These Ideas1413 Words   |  6 Pages In my Round Table Essay I would like to introduce seven philosophers that we have discussed in class and focus on three specifically for my choice topic. The seven philosophers are as follows: (1) Socrates, (2) Plato, (3) Aristotle, (4) Francis Bacon, (5) St. Augustine, (6) Thomas Aquinas, and (7) Rene DesCartes. The specific three I want to focus on being; St. Augustine, Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. Lastly, I will proceed to relate their ideas on the existence of God and their developmentRead MoreAristotle And Marcus Cicero s Perceptions Of Virtue Ethics And The Development Of Economic Society1623 Words   |  7 Pagesgenerating income have become norms in today’s society, and are considered supplementary to the economy as a whole. But philosophers have always questioned the morality of how one conducts himself in society. In this essay, we will examine Plato, Aristotle, Saint Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Marcus Cicero’s perceptions of what virtue ethics are , and how they facilitated the development of economic society. Morality, distinctly defines what is right and what is wrong, but theory of virtue ethics isRead MoreBombardier Aerospace: An Overview1590 Words   |  6 Pagesfor proving Gods existence, a central dispute concerns whether or not to use a rational approach or a more Biblically-grounded approach. This paper examines three theories that are germane to the rational approach the Five Proofs issued by Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica, the central premise of St. Anselms Proslogion, and Augustines premise from his canonical text City of God. After discussing these three arguments, two Christological arguments are discussed, namely Richard Bauckhams thesisRead MoreThe Theory Of Lying As Being The Most Widely Accepted Definition1158 Words   |  5 Pagesthem if the outfit they’re wearing makes them fat. Knowing that the outfit does in fact make their significant other look fat, to avoid hurting their feelings they lie and tell their loved one what they would want to hear. Rober t C. Solomon, in his essay Is It Ever Right to Lie? The Philosophy of Deception, states in Japan and Western Samoa, social harmony is valued far more than truthfulness. â€Å"To tell another person what he or she wants to hear, rather than what one might actually feel or believeRead MorePhilosophy C100 Quiz 121572 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  1  Ã‚   — 1.   Augustine thought that skepticism could be refuted by    | the principle of non-contradiction |    | the fact that the act of doubting posits one’s own existence |    | our senses give us at some rudimentary knowledge. | X   | All of the above. | 2.   __________________ blended Christianity with the philosophy of Aristotle, delineating the boundary between philosophy and Theology. X   | Thomas Aquinas |    X | Augustine |    | Boethius |    | Plotinus | 3. For Aquinas, the soulRead MoreExamine the Way in Which One Religion Uses Scripture as a Basis for Its Teachings on Sexual Behaviour1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthe highest command for the way in which sexual ethics is implemented. Christian teaching explores several issues in light of sexuality such as extra-marital and pre-marital sex, homosexuality and pro-creation and I will write about these in this essay. When looking at pre-marital sex, traditional Christian teachings of the bible suggest that sex is only for married couples and hetro-sexual couples. For example, Timothy 5:2: ‘As a Christian man, if you are not married to her, then she is your sisterRead MoreFreedom and Determinism Essay2348 Words   |  10 PagesChristian at length in the New Testament. These writings influenced Augustine of Hippo to develop the first explicit doctrine of the will. Although the word for â€Å"will† existed previously, Augustine was the first to use it similarly to the way we use it now. Augustine underwent a conversion to Christianity without at first changing his behavior, and consequently he was compelled to reconsider the problem of incontinence. According to Augustine, the explanation of why someone is unable to do what he knowsRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Aleghiri1648 Words   |  7 Pagesmakes concise arguments towards Dante trying to deal with the balance between reason and faith. He specifically talks about, the relation between reasoning well and happiness. Silver uses several different philosophers to prove his point, such as Aquinas, Plato, and Aristotle. Aleksander, on the other hand, still uses concise interpretations, but he interprets it a little differently seeing a certain relationship between philosophy and theology. Aleksander spends a good deal of time focusing on the

Transcendence Is A Process Of Growing And Going Beyond The...

Transcendence is a process of growing and going beyond the limitations of mortal existence. It involves opening myself up to the infinite and universal, allowing me to expand beyond what I mortal experience can contain. Almost every religion has some form of transcendence in their doctrine. For some, it only occurs on death and when souls move on to the afterlife. For others, transcendence can occur for brief moments during life, as flashes of insight, through practices such as meditation and spiritual journeying. Part of the process of transcending, temporarily or otherwise, includes having a sufficient understanding of yourself and your self-limits that you recognize when you have exceeded them. It s that moment when you know that you are now more than you ever have been before. My understanding of the nature of the Transcendent has been challenged throughout this course. I have learned about different knowledge from others, and questioning more so than I ever have. I have always b een the one to keep my questions to myself, but I have really gone outside my comfort zone, asking questions even though there may be no right or wrong answer. There are many epistemological reasons for why things happen. Who should I believe? Why? What has authority for me? According to the Gospel of Mark, he says we should put all our trust in Jesus. Why should I believe? He shows is transcendence through tangible ‘miracles’, like healing through touch and the human voice, in the flesh andShow MoreRelated Essay on Camus’ The Stranger (The Outsider): Finding a Rational God through Nature3501 Words   |  15 PagesBecause Camus intertwines Christianity and his own divine-like humanism, he has been also described as an â€Å"aesthetic humanist† (Cruickshank 315). Although he does not â€Å"believe in God,† Camus refuses to believe that there is no possibility of human transcendence: â€Å"I do not believe in God, that is true, but I am not thereby an atheist† (Peyre 66). He recognizes his â€Å"religious need† (Cruickshank 324) and because of it, does not reject religion. As a result of this â€Å"need,† Camus transforms Christianity toRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesamp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophical term which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives. Existentialism asserts that â€Å"existence precedes essence,† which is in opposition to the classicalRead More Cross-dressing in Twelfth Night, As You Like It, and The Merchant of Venice3276 Words   |  14 Pagesactors performance because young, cross-dressed boys performed all female roles. Though the rational logic of the audience recognized the performer as male, the imaginative mind had to assume a feminine gender. Robert Kimbrough has noted: â€Å"people going to the theatre check their literal-mindedness at the door and willingly believe anything they are asked to believe; the theatre is where illusion becomes reality† (17). This reality demonstrated on the stage flourishes in the mind of the audience memberRead MoreEssay on Reflexive Embodied Empathy9936 Words   |  40 Pagesreflexivity. Address for correspondence: 29 Blenheim Terrace, Scarborough, North Yorkshire, United Kingdom, YO12 7HD Tel: + 44 1723 501833 Email: L.H.Finlay@open.ac.uk Abstract In this paper I’m advocating a research process which involves engaging, reflexively, with the embodied intersubjective relationship we have with participants. I call this practice ‘reflexive embodied empathy’. First, I explicate the concept of empathy through exploring ideas from the philosophicalRead MoreStarbucks Performance Management5640 Words   |  23 Pagesenhanced corporate performance; workplace spirituality, when encouraged by top management, is oftentimes instigated by personal life experiences; and spiritual behavior, at the organizational level, leads to advantages for multiple stakeholders. Limitations to the research are that the research findings were of a secondary nature. The information was gathered through massive readings, but not through primary research-gathering processes. This study only reviews the performance of one major corporateRead MoreSpiritual Formation Across the Lifespan Essay7723 Words   |  31 PagesSPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT Hope Haslam Straughan Within the social work profession, there is a growing movement affirming that spirituality and religious beliefs are integral to the nature of the person and have a vital influence on human behavior (Hugen, 1998). Canda (1988) identifies spirituality as a basic aspect of human experience, both within and outside the context of religious institutions. If a social worker is going to approach a person in a holistic manner, he or she must be willing to consider eachRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 PagesWorld Governance 15. Others a. Cooperation b. Education c. Crime d. Liberty or Security e. Consumerism 1. Media 1a. New vs. Traditional GENERAL Intro: †¢ The first quarter of 2043 will be when the last newspapers land on front process all over America. This is the prediction the author of ‘The Vanishing Newspaper’ †¦ †¢ Advent of tech has brought a radical change in the media industry †¢ No longer confined to reading news, watching television †¢ Click of mouse, people can

Case Study Report HTC Corp

Question: Analyze the business operations, strategies, methods of theHTC Corp. Answer: Executive Summary Generally, this research paper is based on the case study in the context of HTC Corp. In addition to this, this research study is developed and conducted in order to analyze the business operations, strategies, methods of the company. Along with this, this research paper also provides a brief discussion about the case study by analyzing the situation of the company in the market. On the other hand, this paper also provides discussion on the problems and issues faced by HTC in the global business environment. Additionally, this paper also address significant question that what are the major impact of different issues faced on the overall functioning of the company. Moreover, this paper also provides specific recommendations and suggestions in order to overcome such serious issues or challenges that are affecting the overall growth and success of the company in the global business environment. At the same time, it should also be noted down that, this research paper is more valuable, ef fective and comprehensive for the readers, researchers, and students in analyzing the business situation of a company. With the help of this paper, they would be able to solve real life case studies at the workplace in an effective and proper manner. Moreover, this research paper has more or wide scope because it deals with a lot of specific and significant research questions, aims and objectives. Additionally, this research essay is conducted through evaluating secondary sources such as articles, books and online sources. Simply, it can be said that, in order to fulfill the research aims and objectives associated with this research paper, secondary source of information are used to collect the significant information about the research paper in an effective and more significant manner. In the same way, independent research is considered for the fulfillment of associated objectives and aims of this research paper in an effective and appropriate manner. Introduction This paper evaluates the case study of HTC Corporation in 2009 by Yoffie Kim (2010). The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the current position of HTC Corporation and identified their weak areas. This paper also recommends proposed solution to problem faced by HTC Corporation. In addition to this, it should also be noted down that, this research case study is more important and valuable in understanding and analyzing the overall business situation of the HTC in the global market. Moreover, this paper also provides a brief discussion about the issues faced by the HTC in the market and strategies to overcome such issues in an effective and more significant manner. Statement of the Problem: The main problem statement of this paper is: High price, high expenses on RD and low brand value impacted on the financial performance and position of HTC Corporation in the global market. Research Aims Objectives: Each and every research paper or study is conducted or prepared for the fulfillment of specific objectives and aims so that associated and desired outcomes can be get effectively. In the same manner, this research paper is also characterized with the different objectives and aims that will be fulfilled during the study of this research paper effectively. For instance, the main purpose of this research paper is evaluating the business of HTC Corp in the Global Business environment. On the other hand, the main aim of this paper is to analyze the problem faced by HTC in the international market. The key objectives in context this paper is discussed as below: To access the business situation of HTC Corp To analyze the main problem or issues faced by HTC To provide a brief discussion about the case study To examine the financial statements of the company in analyzing the financial health of HTC To provide specific recommendation to solve the business issue These objectives would be achieved during the study of this research paper in order to get the desired outcomes in the context of this paper Structure of the report: The following are the main structure of this report: Introduction Case Brief/background of study define the issues/problem Analysis of problems Analysis and Findings Propose solution of the problems Hence, the following structure would be used to accomplish the valid outcomes in the context of this research study. Case Brief/ Background of Study Define the Issues/Problem On the basis of case study, the main problem faced by the HTC Corporation is declined the profit and sales of the company in recent time period. In the same way, it can be said that, these are the main issues or problems that have a negative impact on the overall organizational growth and success of HTC in the market. On the basis of the brief study of the case the following are the main problems identified related to HTC Corporation: High expenses on RD High price of the products in compare to competitors Weal brand value or lesser known brand name in the market Target niche segment of market (Casey, Bann, Doyle, 2010). No experience of inventory management Weakness in marketing segment Low product lifecycle (around 3 quarters) No economic of scale (Distefano, Me, 2008). No prior experience in Marketing, supply chain and inventory management Less focus on developing and creating the brand value in the global market Not utilization of available resources No focus on own APP Store Risks associated with the warranty of the product Use of average PLC (Distefano, Me, Pace, 2010). Less focus on Asian Market High cost of products Lack of innovative and specific marketing strategies Less customer oriented products These are the main problems identified that are faced by HTC corporation in the recent time that impacts its performance and position in the competitive market. In addition to this, these issues are also affecting the company from the strategic point of view that means these are also affecting the overall business operations of the company negatively so it is recommended that, the company would should focus on using a wide range of strategies and methods in order to reduce such problems in an effective and more systematic manner (Hoog Strzempka, 2011). Hence, all these are the main issues or problem faced by the HTC that are discussed and analyzed in the context of this research paper effectively to fulfill the desired outcomes in an effective and proper manner. Statement of the Problem On the basis of the above defined issues or problems, this section describes the problem statement and analyzes the case study with the use of different theories, concepts or models. On the basis of the analysis of financial statement provided of HTC of last five years, it can be identified that the company cost of product is high that impacted on its net profit. It means the high cost of product is affecting the financial health of the company in the market so it is essential for the company to reduce the cost in order to improve market share profitability. In addition to this, the company would need to provide and offer high quality products by redcing the cost of product in an effective and proper manner. On the other hand, the below table indicates HTC cost of sales portion of revenue is much higher (66-81%) in the last five years that indicates the company manufacturing cost or product cost is higher (Mahajan, Dahiya, Sanghvi, 2013). Along with this, it is also found that, the high cost of product or manufacturing also indicates the net income portion on revenue is lower that impacts on the financial performance of the company. The below table indicates the HTC revenue is increased in 2008 but the net income is declined that situation is financial not good of the company point of view. All these alteration or change is one due to high cost of the product of the company. In the same manner, the company should try to maintain its high cost of products by using different strategies and methodologies effectively. Apart from this, it is also analyzed and found that, the high cost of production and decline in the profit indicates the company internal weakness means it needs to control its expenses to enhance profit otherwise it face issued in the future (Said, Yousif, Humaid, 2011). HTC Financial Information 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Revenue 1148 2215 3215 3656 4651 Cost of Sales 936 1728 2254 2418 3107 % of revenue 81.53% 78.01% 70.11% 66.14% 66.80% Net Income 122 359 774 892 873 % of revenue 10.63% 16.21% 24.07% 24.40% 18.77% RD expenses 63 73 91 119 293 % of revenue 5.49% 3.30% 2.83% 3.25% 6.30% On the basis of the above table, it can be stated that HTC has been spend around 5-6% of its revenue on RD (research development) expenses. Apart from this, it is also analyzed that, the company has spent more in their RD expenses that reduce the net income or profit of the business. It indicates the high RD expenses is the weakness of the HTC and it need to solve this problem. In the same manner, it can be recommended that, the company should reduce RD expenses at least 3% of the revenue to enhance its net profit or income and to provide the sufficient return of its investors or shareholders. With the help of this practice or strategy, HTC would be able to reduce the cost of the product and there would be increment in the organizational profitability (Solomon, Rudolph, Tittel, Broom, Barrett, 2011). In addition, on the basis of case study information, the below graph indicates the HTC sales by regions in 2008 that represent the company 36% sales come from America, 39.4% from Europe and 24.6 from Asia region. In the same way, it indicates HTCs has mainly focused on the American and European market but less focused on the Asian region market that is the weakness of the company. On the other hand, it is also observed and analyzed that, in recent times, China and India is the world most two populated nations and both have more than 70% population of young age group people (around 15-45 age group). Along with this, it is also important to know that, less focus on Asian region or Indian or Chinese market is impacted on the sales and market share of the HTC that contributed to reduce its market share in the global market. Hence, on the basis of this, it can be said that, the company should also focus on Asian market. It means it should also produce its product in the Chinese as well as Asian market in order to overcome the issues associated with the high and additional costs (Roll, 2005). Moreover, the below table indicates the HTC market share has continuously increased but it is much lower than major competitors. HTC current market share of 6.5% that is much lower than Nokia (39.3%), RIM (20.8%) and Apple (17.1%). It indicates HTC sales are lower than other major competitors due to low market share that represents the weakness in its product price, quality or features and marketing tactics. The company should need to focus on its internal weakness to grab the market and improve its position in the competitive market. The below graph is shown that the HTC has faced high competition in the global market and needed to more efforts to maintain or improve its position in the competitive market (Gong, 2013). The company should need some changes in operations, strategies and practices to improve its position in the global competitive market otherwise it loss their market share and position in the industry. In the same way, it can be said that, the company should also adopt and use a lot of innovative and significant strategies and methods in order to achieve competitive advantages in the market in an effective and more systematic manner. Along with this, it is also essential and important to the company that it should also focus on using advertising and marketing strategies in order to attract more and more customers for its product. This would assist the company in improving the current market share and brand reputation at the global level (Sull, 2005). On the basis of identifies and describes several problems that are faced by HTC Corporate the main problem statement is: Overall, it is analyzed that, High price, high expenses on RD and low brand value impacted on the financial performance and position of HTC Corporation in the global market. Analysis Finding HTC was founded in May 1997 by HT Cho and Cher Wang that is located in Taoyuan Country, Taiwan. Chous team succeeded in developing the worlds first pocket-size PC with Microsoft in 1998. In this time, HTCs main notebook business struggled with high production costs, technical glitches, and brand recognition lacking. In 1999, the company had faced losses of $18 million, so that the company exit the notebook business and focus on handheld devices instead (Srinivaas, 2014). HTC opened in two distinct segments that are ODM business and mobile operator business. An ODM business, the company manufactured smartphones for branded handset companies while its mobile operators business, it designed phone for service providers such as T-Mobile or Vodafone. The mobile phone operator business provided better margins of the company and helped to differentiate HTC from other ODM business (Sheehan, 2011). The prominence of smartphones rose after the commercialization of advanced 3G wireless network in the 2000s. The 3G networks were supporting the high speed internet access or wireless data that enhanced demand of the smartphones. After the global recession in 2009, mobile internet penetration would more than double to nearly 3% in 2012from 13% in 2007. Moreover, due to this the smartphones were expected to grow and the overall cell phone market shrank (shown in the below table or graph). It indicates the smartphones would taken one third position in the worlds mobile phone market (Segall, 2012). Chou officially started the brand strategy in 2007 with HTC phones available in the Europe and Asian region for sale. The company has acquisition of Doped ($15 million) that is a well known brand in Taiwan to enter in Asia market. The company faced challenged in the US market and started selling brand phone in China. In addition to this, it is also found that, the overall position of the company is not strong due to lack of operational and business strategies and operations (Schneiders, 2010). For case, the company does not focus on improving the brand reputation in the global market that affecting the growth and success of the company in the market. So it is essential to the company it should adopt effective marketing and business strategies by considering the organizational long term objectives in an effective and more proper manner. In addition to this, it is also found and analyze that, there are several factors or forces that are also affecting the company negatively. So the com pany should develop and create effective plans in order to overcome such issues (Lewis, 2011). Moreover, it is also analyzed that, the high cost of the product is one of the major factors that also force the company to increase the price of the products. So, company should try to reduce the cost of product by using innovative and effective strategies and ways within the organizations in an effective and more systematic manner. Along with this, the high RD cost is also affecting the growth and success of the company. In the same manner, the company should focus on reducing this cost by using a lot of strategies. In addition to this, the company does not have own apps so it is also essential for the company to develop own apps store in order to reduce a wide range of cost (Katie, 2013). All these steps would be helpful for the company for the total success and increasing the brand reputation in the local as well as global market. At the same time, it is also found that, the company uses a high price strategy so it should focus on low cost pricing methods to attract and retain it s customers. Moreover, the company should also target all the markets by considering the needs of the customers in an effective and proper manner. Additionally, it is also found and analyze that the company is also facing the problem in its inventory and supply chain management in the same way, it should take effective methods to address such issues. Moreover, the company is not utilizing its own resources and less focus on developing the reputation. Due to this, it is also important to the company it should adopt marketing strategies and utilize the resources. This would help the company in reducing various kinds of costs (Hielkema, 2012). Additionally, it is also found that, in the current time, the profitability, level of revenues, and sales are decreasing day by day so the company should also adopt the steps and process to enhance the financial position in the market. In the same way, the company would be able to improve its overall functioning and profitability in the market that help the company in attracting more and more customers for the products and services. In addition to this, it is also found that, the company does not focus on innovation so the company should also focus on the innovative products by considering the innovative and specific technologies in an effective and more systematic manner (Davies, 2011). Proposed Solution to Problem As it is analyzed that, several kinds of issues and problems faced by HTC in the market that influenced the productivity, accountability, marketability, goodwill, reputation, brand image, level of revenues and customer satisfaction negatively. In addition to this, it can be said that, in order to remove such issues and problems, the company HTC should focus on the innovative and specific strategies, methods, best practices and ways. For example, it is essential for the company to promote band image by using core competencies and business strategies in an effective and more significant manner (Ungson Wong, 2008). Along with this, it can also be recommended that, the company should also focus on using different branding strategies and methodologies in order to overcome the challenges effectively. In addition to this, the company should also focus on investing the huge among on the development of marketing mix and inventory management. It is because this strategy would help the company in improving and enhancing the marketing strategies, tactics and plan of the company properly. On the other hand, it is also important to HTC that it should also adopt the strategies those are associated with the inventory management. This strategy would help the company in reducing the challenges in the context of supply chain management and inventory management. Moreover, it can also be recommended that, the company should also focus and emphasize on the usage of common components. On the other hand, it can also be said that, the physical specifications should be less in complexity and uniqueness (Smith, 2011). Apart from this, the company should also use planned obsolescence. It means there would be need of shorter PLC. Moreover, the company should also establish, develop and create effective and innovative manufacturing facility at its location in order to reduce total cost. For case, this would also assist the company in achieving the competitive advantages by removing different kinds of operational costs in an effective and more significant manner. Along with this, the company should also invest huge amount in the Research and development activities. It clearly indicates that, HTC should also focus on developing innovative technologies, infrastructure and innovative process in order to improve market share and enhance level of profit effectively (Shah, 2013). Moreover, it is also suggested that, HTC should focus and emphasize on developing, building and providing customized products for the operators. Because by offering customized products, the company would be able to develop its brand image in the market that is important to increase the profit, market share and level of revenue. So, the company should develop and create the products by considering the needs, wants and desires of customers. On the other hand, it can also be said that, the company should also provide its services to the end user without any issues and should promote open source of technologies over the other available technologies. At the same time, it is also found and analyzed that, the company should also adopt and use effective strategies and ways to maintain and develop the strong relationships between the two major competitors in the market such as Microsoft and Google (Pride Ferrell, 2014). Additionally the company HTC has not own Apps store so it should try to developing own App store like apple and Microsoft. Moreover, it is also found that, HTC mainly focus on the prosumer market so it should have segmented its market accordingly to its product. Furthermore, it would also be beneficial for the company that it should focus on increasing the average product life cycle to at least five quarter and reduce the warranty risks by providing more innovative products and services. At the same time, by analyzing the business situation of the company, it can also be said that, the company should focus on the innovation through the collaboration (Mckeown, 2012). It is because this practice would help the company in bringing more innovative products for the end customers. So it is important to the company it should focus on collaboration along with the innovation. In addition to this, the company should also introduce and focus on touch technology that would help the company in en couraging more and more customer for the companys product in an effective and systematic manner. This strategy would also help the company in increasing the level of customer satisfaction, and improving the brand image not only in the local market but also in the global market (Ireland, Hoskisson, Hitt, 2011). On the other hand, it can also be said that, the company HTC should also introduced to produce pocket PC with full color display in order to make its product more customer oriented and innovative. At the same time, it can also be recommended that, the company should also use and select right strategy that transferring itself from a successful ODM to a successful mobile company with brand. In addition to this, it can also be said that, HTC should also introduce and use a wide range of marketing, advertising, and strategic strategies in order to run business successfully (Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, 2014). These strategies would help the company in achieving the organizational strategic and core goals of the company in an effective and proper manner. Hence, on the basis of above discussion, it can be said that, the company should focus on innovation and new technology in the introduction of new product and services. Moreover, this research case study has a wide scope for further study o r dissertation because it deals with a wide range of research questions, aims and objectives. In contrast, the main limitations of the case study are not lack of research problem, primary information, less use of statistical data, lack of interview questions, nor proper research methodology and research, lack of supportive data information, lack of defined research methodology, sample size not mentioned (Boone Kurtz, 2011). References Boone, L. Kurtz, D. (2011) Contemporary Marketing (15th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Casey, E., Bann, M., Doyle, J. (2010) Introduction to windows mobile forensics. digital investigation, 6(3), 136-146. Davies, M. (2011) Commanding Change: War Winning Military Strategies for Organizational Change. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group. Distefano, A., Me, G. (2008) An overall assessment of mobile internal acquisition tool. digital investigation, 5, S121-S127. Distefano, A., Me, G., Pace, F. (2010) Android anti-forensics through a local paradigm. digital investigation, 7, S83-S94. Gong, Y. (2013) Global Operations Strategy: Fundamentals and Practice. USA: Springer Science Business. Hielkema, L. M. (2012) HR Strategic Project Management SPOMP: Implementing Organizational Change: Five Strategies to Seduce and Influence Stakeholders, and Boost Your Career. USA: eBookIt.com. Hitt, M., Ireland, R.D. Hoskisson, R. (2014) Strategic Management: Concepts and Cases: Competitiveness and Globalization (11th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Hoog, A., Strzempka, K. (2011) iPhone and iOS forensics: Investigation, analysis and mobile security for Apple iPhone, iPad and iOS devices. USA: Elsevier. Ireland, R.D., Hoskisson, R. Hitt, M. (2011) Understanding Business Strategy Concepts Plus (3rd ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Katie, J. (2013) Critical marketing audit: The case of Apple Inc. Germany: GRIN Verlag. Lewis, J.K. (2011). Organizational Change: Creating Change Through Strategic Communication. USA: John Wiley Sons. Mahajan, A., Dahiya, M. S., Sanghvi, H. P. (2013) Forensic analysis of instant messenger applications on Android devices. arXiv preprint arXiv:1304.4915. Mckeown, M. (2012) The Strategy Book: How to Think and Act Strategically to Deliver Outstanding Results. UK: Pearson UK. Pride, W. Ferrell, O.C. (2014) Foundations of Marketing (6th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Roll, M. (2005). Asian Brand Strategy: How Asia Builds Strong Brands. USA: Palgrave Macmillan. Said, H., Yousif, A., Humaid, H. (2011) IPhone forensics techniques and crime investigation. In Current Trends in Information Technology (CTIT), 2011 International Conference and Workshop on (pp. 120-125). IEEE. Schneiders, S. (2010) The Secret of Apple's Success: Traditionelles Marketing Kultmarketing. USA: Diplomarbeiten Agentur. Segall, K. (2012) Insanely Simple: The Obsession That Drives Apple's Success. USA: Penguin UK. Shah, M.H. (2013) Mobile Working: Technologies and Business Strategies. UK: Routledge. Sheehan, B. (2011) Basics Marketing 03: Marketing Management. USA: AC Black. Smith, T. (2011) Pricing Strategy: Setting Price Levels, Managing Price Discounts and Establishing Price Structures. USA: Cengage Learning. Solomon, M. G., Rudolph, K., Tittel, E., Broom, N., Barrett, D. (2011) Computer forensics jumpstart. USA: John Wiley Sons. HTC (2015). About Us. Available At: https://www.htc.com/in/ [Accessed On 31 May 2015] Srinivaas, M. (2014) Successful Organizations in Action: A HANDBOOK FOR CORPORATE EXCELLENCE. USA: Partridge Publishing. Sull, D.N. (2005) Why Good Companies Go Bad and how Great Managers Remake Them. UK: Harvard Business Press. Ungson, G.R. Wong, Y. (2008) Global Strategic Management. USA: M.E. Sharpe.

Spanking as discipline - pro free essay sample

Spanking, although controversial is an effective form of discipline for children. Parents and parents to be who are undecided about whether spanking is an acceptable form of discipline should first get educated on what spanking is. A good first step would be learning the meaning of spanking. Equally as important is, knowing what is considered a spanking, as well as, when spanking becomes abuse. In addition, knowing the ways spanking may benefit children would help solidify spanking as the best option for discipline. Spanking as defined by oxford dictionary is, the act of slapping especially on the buttocks as punishment for children. Taking into consideration that no two children are the same the recommended ages for spanking are between 3years of age up to the mid-teens. Any type of physical discipline like spanking before age three is discouraged, children younger than age three cannot communicate well enough to know right from wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking as discipline pro or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In contrast, it is understood that teen agers know right from wrong so, parents may benefit from professional help if behavioral issues continue into the late teen years. In summary, spanking is the use of an open hand to slap the clothed buttocks of a child between the ages of 3 and 15. Spanking for disciplinary reasons is done with an open hand, the use of a foreign object could easily be seen as abuse. For example, the use of a paddle may result in bruising or muscle damage. In fact, any action which may have permanent effects such as, punching, shaking, striking the face, or even pulling the ear would be considered abuse not discipline. Also, in contrast to abuse, the time spent in the act will be minimal, usually lasting only seconds. To summarize, a properly administered spanking, should only be done with an open hand, result in mild discomfort, slight redness to the area and should be only seconds in duration. The benefits of spanking are many and of great value. First, as a result of this type discipline being of such short duration, the family can spend more time together. Second, is the enhanced ability to identify and respect authority, a trait that could be useful in the workplace. Third, consider that learning how to accept responsibility and the consequences of actions may lead to better planning abilities. Furthermore, a spanking could save a childs life. Had it not been for the memory of a spanking, Johnny would have ran into oncoming traffic in pursuit of a ball. In conclusion, the benefits of spanking as a form of discipline stretch far and wide. Valuable lessons learned like, respecting authority, thinking before acting and learning from mistakes, make children better equipped to handle adulthood. Furthermore, these children tend to become more productive members of society. Subsequently, becoming positive, productive members of society they contribute to a better community and a world at large. Spanking, is most certainlyan effective form of discipline for children.

Robert Frost Essays - The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost, Choice

Robert Frost Essays - The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost, Choice Robert Frost Robert Frost Do not follow where the path may lead... Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail. -Robert Frost Everyone is a traveler, choosing the roads to follow on the map of their continuous journey, life. There is never a straight path that leaves one with but a sole direction in which to head. Regardless of the original message that Robert Frost had intended to convey, his poem, The Road Not Taken, has left its readers with many different interpretations. It is one's past, present and the attitude with which he looks upon his future that determines the shade of the light that he will see the poem in. In any case however, this poem clearly demonstrates Frost's belief that it is the road that one chooses that makes him the man who he is. And sorry I could not travel both... It is always difficult to make a decision because it is impossible not to wonder about the opportunity cost, what will be missed out on. There is a strong sense of regret before the choice is even made and it lies in the knowledge that in one lifetime, it is impossible to travel down every path. In an attempt to make a decision, the traveler looks down one as far as I could. The road that will be chosen leads to the unknown, as does any choice in life. As much he may strain his eyes to see as far the road stretches, eventually it surpasses his vision and he can never see where it is going to lead. It is the way that he chooses here that sets him off on his journey and decides where he is going. Then took the other, just as fair, and having perhaps the better claim. What made it have the better claim is that it was grassy and wanted wear. It was something that was obviously not for everyone because it seemed that the majority of people took the other path therefore he calls it the road less travelled by. The fact that the traveler took this path over the more popular, secure one indicates the type of personality he has, one that does not want to necessarily follow the crowd but do more of what has never been done, what is new and different. And both that morning equally lay in leaves no step had trodden black. The leaves had covered the ground and since the time they had fallen no one had yet to pass by on this road. Perhaps Frost does this because each time a person comes to the point where they have to make a choice, it is new to them, somewhere they have never been and they tend to feel as though no one else had ever been there either. I kept the first for another day! The desire to travel down both paths is expressed and is not unusual, but knowing how way leads on to way, the speaker of this poem realizes that the decision is not just a temporary one and he doubted if I should ever come back. This is his common sense speaking and acknowledging that what he chooses now will affect every other choice he makes afterward. Once you have performed an act or spoken a word that crystalizes who you are, there is no turning back, it cannot be undone. Once again at the end of the poem the regret hangs over the traveler like a heavy cloud about to burst. He realizes that at the end of his life, somewhere ages and ages hence, he will have regrets about having never gone back and traveling down the roads he did not take. Yet he remains proud of his decision and he recognizes that it was this path that he chose that made him turn out the way and he did and live his life the way in which he lived. I took the road less trvaeled by and that had made all the difference. To this man, what was most important, what really made the difference, is that he did what he wanted, even if it meant taking the road less traveled. If he hadn't, he wouldn't be the same man

Become a Networking Expert by Following This 5 Step Plan

Become a Networking Expert by Following This 5 Step Plan It would be great if we could get a job from the safety of our couches, in our pajamas, without having to leave the house. Unfortunately, almost no one actually gets hired from online applications. Networking is still the best way to get your foot in the door. And networking requires both wearing pants- and social skills. Here are five things you absolutely have to do to be one step closer to becoming a networking expert. Prepare in advanceHave a plan before you walk up to the big fish and try to reel them in. Figure out whom you might have the opportunity to meet at any particular event, then learn as much as you can about them. Figure out what you should emphasize to each, and how best to frame yourself. Practice your pitch. Bring plenty of business cards.Ease UpThis isn’t the same as selling used cars. You’re not the Avon lady. Most sentient humans will appreciate a little more sincerity. Remember- you don’t have to be in sales mode all the time in every encou nter. Try connecting on a personal level first and letting the conversation evolve naturally before you start thrusting your business cards in people’s faces.Show upAs great as it would be to send somebody to network for us, this just doesn’t work. Don’t send a friend or colleague- or your sister- to shake hands with that particular hiring manager if you can’t attend yourself. Send a professionally worded email explaining how much you’d like to meet and see if you can’t find another opportunity instead.Expand your reachDon’t play it safe. Your contacts, no matter how many you have, are not enough. It will always be beneficial to keep growing your network and making more connections. You never know when you will need them. Get out there and mingle!Follow upThis is perhaps the most important step in the whole process. Whether you send a handwritten note or an email, it’s absolutely crucial to follow up. It shows your interest and your professionalism, and has the added benefit of reminding that connection you exist!

W 2 OM Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W 2 OM Discussion - Essay Example Even though this system has been described by Asnis (2002) as being effective in controlling the deterioration of health cases, it has also been criticized as not being preventive in nature. This is because with this system, there must be a risk indicator before proactive interventions are sent by government. Based on the weakness with the system, it would be noted that the best way to make the system effective is to ensure that it is approached from both a preventive perspective and a curative perspective. To do this, government must deepen research that aids in the forecasting of possible health risks. With such forecasted results, it will be possible to predict some areas that are not currently prone to certain health risks but may be at risk in future. Most certainly, with such an effective preventive approach, there can be much guarantee that government spending on healthcare can be reduced (Meredith and Shafer, 2014). This is because the amount of money government have always spent on its curative duties have been more than the government have spent in preventing the escalation of health risks (Meredith and Shafer,

National Sales Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

National Sales Tax - Essay Example Among other things, the NST is not high enough to replace current revenues. The NST should remain a fringe argument against the federal income tax. The NST would replace a number of taxes levied by the federal government. Principal among them is the income tax. The income tax sprung into being with the adoption of the 16th Amendment in 1913 (McNulty and Daniel 7). The tax taxes all income, however derived. The income that is taxed is subject to certain exemptions, deductions and credits depending on the class of person involved or the activity involved. For example, there is an additional standard deduction for the elderly and the blind (McNulty and Daniel 4). Additionally, there is a greater standard deduction for married people over single people (McNulty and Daniel 3-4). The government discerns among people and activities to encourage certain social behaviors. As McNulty and Daniel put on page 23: The income tax raises revenue, subsidizes some people or activities, encourages or discourages behavior, redistributes wealth, stimulates or stabilizes the economy, maintains federalism and tackles social problems like pollution and urban decay. The income tax is progressive - a defining feature of the system. People fall into different tax brackets based on their income. Higher income brackets are subject to higher marginal tax rates. The end result is that higher income individuals pay on average a higher proportion of their income as tax (McNulty and Daniel 18). Progressive taxation represents a federal policy of wealth distribution of money from the wealthy to services for the rest of the populace (Posin and Tobin 18). The income tax does not discourage work. People will be motivated to work so long as their federal, state and local tax rates don't exceed 100% (McNulty and Daniel 20). The federal income tax system is far reaching, pursues policy goals in addition to raising revenue and attempts to be fair among the classes. The National Sales Tax Defined The NST is a simple way to generate revenue. 45 states and the District of Columbia already take advantage of sales and use taxes. Several proposals for a national sales tax has floated in the last couple of years. This discussion reflects the national sales tax defined in H.R. 3039, sponsored by Reps. Dan Schaefer (R-Colo.) and Billy Tauzin (R-La.) (Burton and Mastromarco). The NST would replace the individual and corporate income tax, transfer taxes, and most non-trust-fund excise taxes with a single 15 percent flat-rate tax on tangible goods and services sold at the retail level (Burton and Mastromarco). The sales tax would be exempted from intermediate levels of production. The NST defined here does not replace the payroll taxes providing revenue for Social Security and Medicare. (Burton and Mastromarco). There are a slew of items that would be taxed in addition to goods and services. Housing, financial intermediation services and government goods and services that are sold to the public would be taxed. Rent and home purchases would be taxed. Imports would be taxed. (Burton and Mastromarco). The NST proposal attempts to deal with the otherwise regressive aspects of the tax. All people would receive a rebate of the tax equaling the tax rate times the poverty line, allowing poor people to avoid paying the tax and everyone else to afford the necessities of

Job Analysis Paper Essay Example for Free

Job Analysis Paper Essay Job analyses are a way to create detailed job descriptions used by businesses to promote efficiency and best match potential between the employer and employee; but there are many other reasons to complete a job analysis. According to Ash and Levine (1980) there are 11 common uses for job analysis: career development; performance appraisal; legal issues; recruitment and selection of employees; training; setting salaries; efficiency/safety; job classification; job description; job design; and planning (Spector, 2008) There are many ways to complete a job analysis and the method used usually depends on the type of job or business. The four most common job analysis types are the; job component inventory; functional job analysis; position analysis questionnaire; and task inventory (Spector, 2008). For this paper this writer has chosen to use the functional job analysis method, utilizing the O*NET electronic database which was previously found in the Dictionary or Occupational Titles (DOT) and is produced by the United States Department of Labor (Spector, 2008). The occupation chosen is Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselor. This paper will also look at the reliability and validity of the Functional Job Analysis as well as some of the pros and cons surrounding the four common methods mentioned above. See more: how to write an analysis paper on an article examples Functional Job Analysis-Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselor The functional job analysis is a comprehensive method that makes use of observation, interviews, and scores on several dimensions; these dimensions are relevant to all jobs making this a uniform method to obtain information no matter what the job may be (Spector, 2008). The functional job analysis of a substance abuse specialist is as follows. (Note: due to the extensive amount of information provided much information will be paraphrased and writer will not include 100% of the data provided by O*NET.gov. – Also, the information provided is to show an understanding of the Functional Job Analysis along with the six domains utilized by the O*NET website.) Job Description The analysis begins with a job description as well as some of the titles associated with this vocation. In this case the job is to provide counseling to those struggling with addictions that include substances but also addictions to gambling, or other process addictions (Onetonline.gov, 2012). Job titles include: Counselor; Substance Abuse Counselor; Chemical Dependency Professional (Onetoneline, 2012). Tools Technology The next section discusses the tools technology generally used for this occupation. They include: Alcohol Breathalyzers; Personal Computers; and Spreadsheet Software. While this is an extremely comprehensive source there are items that are missing this writer noted the absence of Urine analysis kits used often in the field. Tasks Tasks according to the O*net website include but are not limited to: Completion and Maintenance of Records and Reports; Conduct Chemical Dependency programs; and Coordination with other Mental Health Professionals or Health Professionals as Needed (Onetonline, 2012). Knowledge Knowledge is next and the competencies include: Therapy and Counseling; Psychology; Customer Service; and Law and Government (Onetonline, 2012). Skills Skills include but are not limited to: Active Listening; Social Perceptiveness; Critical Thinking; and Speaking (Onetonline, 2012). Abilities Some of the abilities are: Oral Comprehension; Oral Expression; Problem Sensitivity; and Speech Clarity (Onetonline, 2012). Work Activities The work activities include: Assisting and Caring for others; Communicating with Peers, subordinates, and others; Documenting/Recording Informations; and Getting Information (Onetonline, 2012). Work Context The work context appears to be questions one would ask a prospective employer about the nature of any particular position. Questions center on particular job duties such as the length of time spent on the telephone, or how often one would be called upon to work with external customers and even if there would be time constraints or deadlines (Onetonline, 2012). Job Zone The job zone is devoted to the educational requirements, related experience, and a general look at the type of job it is. In this category some of the examples include: accountants; sales managers; and chemists (Onetonline, 2012). Education Looks at the levels of education required in the field (Onetonline, 2012) Interests This job is categorized as SAI: Social; Artistic; and Investigative (Onetonline, 2012). Work Styles Work styles are mainly characteristics held by people within the field. Self Control, Stress Tolerance, Concern for Others, and Dependability are just some of them (Onetonline, 2012). Work Values People that work in the field are said to value relationships, achievement, and independence (Onetonline, 2012). Wages Employment Trends Lastly this job analysis discusses wages and employment trends on a national and local level (Onetonline, 2012). Reliability and Validity In order to understand the reliability and validity of job analyses one must have an understanding of who provides the information and who is responsible for gathering and making sense of the data. According to Spector (2008) Job analysis information is collected in several ways by people trained â€Å"in quantifying job characteristics and the KSAOs necessary to accomplish the different aspects of jobs†. These people either survey the employees who do the jobs in question or experience the job firsthand by doing it themselves or observing it being done†. The information is provided by job analysts, supervisors, job incumbents, and/or trained observers. Because supervisors and job incumbents have experience in the field they can be known as subject matter experts or SMEs (Spector, 2008). According to the research Dierdoff and Wilson (2003) found that when creating job analysis there is a reliability factor of .83 showing consistency. Depending on the type of rater inter-rater reliability was lower. Task inventory ratings varied depending on the scale given, or importance of a task and inter-rater reliabilities also varied quite a bit (Spector, 2008). So it seems that if a task inventory rating is used it should be done with great care. Validity is fairly high but comes with a caution. Once again the issue of people’s judgments and bias comes up (Spector, 2008). Job analysis is useful to I/O’s but must be carefully considered to assess validity (Spector, 2008). The job analysis provided by O*NET.gov was accurate and comprehensive but one could see that it is not possible to pinpoint every aspect of the job. Some parts may not apply or may apply to one place of employment and not another. Of course there are also the possible omissions such as the Urine Analysis under tools and equipment. This writer does feel that this particular analysis was reliable and valid based on first-hand knowledge of the field. Performance Appraisal Methods There are two types of appraisals; one is objective and the other subjective. Objective appraisals are a way to measure things like absences, or productivity. This would be a simple way of rating people in certain vocations where showing up and meeting a quota is important. Take people that work in a factory and need to produce high volume; this is one example of where this type of appraisal method would be beneficial. Certain aspects of performance can be measured very well using an objective approach but several weaknesses stand out. One is that the object being measured is not always clear; the other is that it is prone to human error (Spector, 2008) There are several subjective appraisal methods: the graphic-rating form; and many behavior-focused rating forms. These are more likely to be used and measure both trait performance and general aspects of performance (Spector, 2008). Graphic-Rating Form A graphic rating form is a chart with several areas that can be rated with choices either numbered or with other terms such as frequently to never at all (Spector, 2008). It is a way to make an evaluation on many dimensions relating to a particular job. This is an efficient way to get an overall picture. Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (BARS) The BARS is a way of evaluating performance on a behavioral level. Relevant job expectations or behaviors are listed and the evaluator will find the choice that best describes an employee’s level of performance along a continuum (Spector, 2008). Mixed Standard Scale (MSS) A MSS has several statements that describe performance or behaviors with three choices that describe a particular level of performance (Spector, 2008). The three choices are randomly placed but they represent good performance, satisfactory performance and poor performance (Spector, 2008). This method like others gives a good overall picture but lacks the details that may surround poor performance. Behavior-Observation-Scale (BOS) The BOS is a way to measure behaviors using a percentage. Instead of describing how well a person responds it describes how often the behavior is seen. One rating could be â€Å"Stays on Task† and the evaluator or observer is to estimate using percentages how well the employee stays on task (Spector, 2008). The BOS is also similar to a mixed-standard scale because it uses critical incidence and either a poor or efficient behavior but; instead of rating behaviors the BOS rates frequency (Spector, 2008). One of the criticisms of the BOS is that to an outsider it may be hard to interpret (Spector, 2008) Conclusion This has been an overview of job analysis, perforamance appraisal, and the concepts of reliability and validity. We have seen that job analysis can be a great source of information. Not only does it provide details pertaining to a particular job but the job analysis can also help in the business world by providing possible legal and ethical issues, training program development and to help establish salaries just to name a few. We also know that there are several methods used to rate an employee’s performance which one is utilized depends on how detailed and what type of information needs to be measured. Lastly as with most other assessments, ratings, and measurements the reliability and validity of any job analysis is open to bias, and other human factors. All of these things must be taken into consideration and critical thinking generally applies.

The Origin of the Civil Rights Movement Essay -- Racism, Civil Rights,

Before one woman refused to head to the back of the bus, before there was a voice to peacefully express the dream, before Jim Crow was scared away, there were organizations, fighters and events that contributed to the advancement of African Americans. As W.E.B. Du Bois provided the diving board that would allow blacks to dive into the pool of equality, he is found at the origin of the Civil Rights Movement. The Pan-Africanism movement, the rage following the Red Summer, and the Great Migration continued the efforts of W.E.B. Du Bois. The bold and striking words and actions of Marcus Garvey showed whites that blacks would not be called an inferior race any longer. Following World War II, many bounds toward racial equality were made and Brown versus the Board of Education poured gasoline onto the civil rights fire. Around 1900, many U.S. historians released theories proclaiming the racial inferiority of blacks, and discrimination against southern blacks became even more widespread throughout the early 1900s. Every southern state required racial segregation on trains and in churches, schools, hotels, restaurants, theaters, and other public places. The southern states also adopted an election practice known as the white primary. This process banned blacks from voting in the Democratic Party’s primary election by calling them â€Å"private affairs.† By 1910, every southern state was, if they had not already, in the process of revoking suffrage from African Americans, and the Ku Klux Klan enforced this (Forces). The Ku Klux Klan attempted to keep blacks from voting through an increased use of threats, beatings, and killings. More than 3,000 blacks had been lynched during the late 1800s, and hundreds more ... ...rmined to keep and expand these gains. NAACP membership soared from 51,000 in 1940 to 351,000 in 1945; this made it possible for the relentless organization to expand its activities. Because of both rising black income and the efforts of the United Negro College Fund, founded in 1950, giving blacks a much broader base for their future leadership. As the years slowly passed by, black triumphs added up (Levine 171) The most significant victory for African American civil rights during the 1950’s was the Supreme Courts ruling in the Brown versus the Board of Education ruling, which declared separate but equal unconstitutional. It was a great victory for the NAACP and for Black America. The victory in the courtroom, however, was not manifested until many years later as the majority of school districts continued their segregationist policies across America.

Identification of chosen population Essay

Mexico has replaced United States as the most obese country in the Western Hemisphere. The problem of obesity in Mexico has become a global public health challenge and was accepted by the World Health Organization as such in 1997. 70% of Mexicans are overweight while 32.8% of them are obese. 1 out of every 6 Mexicans adults suffer from weight related chronic diseases such as diabetis, heart disease and certain cancers. 70,000 Mexicans die each year from weight related diabetis. 400, 000 new cases of diabetis arise each year. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE OBESITY IN THE MEXICAN POPULATION The problem of obesity in Mexico is very complex and it is due to many factors including social, cultural, epidemiological and environmental factors. SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING OBESITY IN MEXICANS 1. LOW EDUCATION STATUS There is much lack of knowledge of what nutritious foods are and what the long term effects from eating unhealthy foods are. There is also lack of knowledge about the impact physical exercise can have on health as well as what kind of exercise and how often it should be done. 2. EMPLOYMENT STATUS People who work long hours have no time for shopping for nutritious food and also for cooking at home. Therefore they rely on processed, fried, high fat, high sugar, high calorie foods and high sugary beverages that are easily accessible. 3. POVERTY One of the major social factors influencing obesity in Mexico is poverty. Poverty predicts the place of residence which is usually in unsafe communities. Living in unsafe neighborhoods means children stay indoors not being able to go outside and play. They resort to watching TV and playing computer games. Poverty makes it difficult to buy foods that are healthier, low calorie and more nutritious because it is more expensive. Long hours of work means less time for food preparation at home, shopping for groceries and physical activity. Lack of money and transportation lead to children being unable to participate in sports, recreational activities and youth programs. Poverty also leads to stress which compels people to focus on the immediate concerns rather than risk of long term chronic disease. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING OBESITY IN MEXICANS 1. AGE Mexico ranks first in childhood obesity; there are 4.5 million children who are obese. 28% of children between the ages of 5 and 9 are overweight. 38% of teens and preteens between the ages of 10 and 19 are obese or overweight. 2. GENDER Mexican females have a higher obesity rate than males (one third females versus one fourth of males). 3. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY Poor physical activity and an increase in sedentary life-style. 4. LOW SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS Mexicans with low socioeconomic status are unable to afford nutritious food, they rely on low cost, processed high-calorie foods and high sugary drinks. LOW EDUCATION LEVEL They lack knowledge about what foods are nutritious and what the long term effects are of consuming high fat, high sugar, highly processed foods and beverages. MIGRATION More Mexicans have moved from rural to urban communities where nutritious food is more expensive, there is less walking or biking due to increased number of cars, there is an increased consumption of coca-cola mainly due to unsafe drinking water. Traditional diets that are healthier are abandoned. Traditional continuous physical labor such as farming, factories, mining were abandoned for desk jobs. CULTURAL FACTORS AFFECTING OBESITY IN MEXICANS Overeating now is conditioned by recurrent or past economic deprivation. Avoiding hunger is part of the culture. Traditional nutritious foods like corn, grains, beans have been abandoned. Foods that could not be afforded in the past and associated with survival are those that now are highly valued like meats, fats, sugars. These foods are also desired because they are associated with a high social status; it is a symbol of integration into society. Acculturation is also a factor; Latinos who take on the values of the white population especially those closer to the United States border, end up eating less fruit, more fried foods. There is also the belief that whatever happens, happens. They believe that if they are going to get diabetis, they get diabetis. It is meant to happen. Also, the parents expect their kids to clean their plate in order to not waste food which ends up in overeating. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING OBESITY IN MEXICANS They reside in low income communities where unhealthy food choices are made due to lots of fast food stores. These areas are not safe so they tend to stay indoors and have minimal physical activity. There is limited amount of fresh produce and lots of sweets and snack items. Since these areas are not safe, there are few safe areas where children can play therefore they end up watching a lot of TV with no physical activity. The schools they attend have poor PE facilities so there is not much physical activity in school. There is also a high exposure to commercials of high sugar, high fat snacks. PAST CONSIDERATIONS Obesity rate was much lower in the past as people were doing more manual labor, they were eating more nutritious, home grown grains, beans, corn, fresh vegetables and fruits. The existence of cars was very minimal in the past so people used to bike and walk much more than now. PRESENT CONSIDERATIONS More and more people have moved from rural areas to urban areas. There is an increase in the number of fast food restaurants and a great increase in the daily caloric intake. Due to unsafe drinking water, there is an increase in high calorie sugary drinks. Mothers fill up baby bottles with coca-cola. The life in urban communities is more sedentary. There is a reliance on less nutritious dies that consist of processed foods that are high in saturated fats, sugar and salt content. â€Å"†¦Mexicans spent 29.3% less on fruits and vegetables in 1998 than in 1984, while during the same period, purchases of soft drinks increased by 37.2%† (2006). FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS Obesity leads to increased mortality rates due to diabeits, hypertension, myocardial infarction. Diabetis is the primary killer of Mexicans. The prevalence of diabetis and the cost it incurs has skyrocketed. It is predicted to overwhelm the Mexican health system in the future. By year 2030, the health system is predicted to collapse; 3.24 billion dollars are spent to treat these chronic illnesses associated with obesity. GROUPS IN MEXICO MOSTLY AFFECTED BY OBESITY THE POOR Poor Mexicans are unable to afford nutritious food as it is more expensive. More energy-intense foods such as foods high in sugar and fat are cheap and sought after due to lack of money. Coca-cola is consumed instead of water due to unsafe drinking water. THE YOUNG In the last decade, children obesity rate has tripled. Within the poor classes, the children of the obese parents are malnourished while being programmed to become obese. There is no control in school as to what children eat. Schools are filled with vending machines full of soft drinks and fast food. Their intake of processed, salty, high fat snacks, refined carbohydrates foods is very high while their intake of vegetables and fruits is very low. Their intake of sugary, high calorie beverages such as coca-cola is very high due to its low price, increased availability and lack of safe drinking water. They live in unsafe communities and are unable to play outside and be active. They spend excess time watching TV, play station time and computer. A lot of parents rely on TV for their children due to lack of childcare; this leads to sedentary lifestyle and exposure to unhealthy food commercials. Most public schools lack playgrounds or grounds for exercise. Most public schools, (80%), lack water fountains so they drink sugary drinks. There are few public most parks, swimming pools, play grounds and sidewalks. RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE 1. FOOD LABELING There is an urgent need for food labeling that is not confusing and misleading. There is a lack of accurate labeling standards and regulations. Portions sizes and contents are unclear and confusing. The labeling has to be formatted in an easy-to-understand by all consumers even by the less well-educated ones. This will address the social factors; the plan will not improve their education level but it will make it easy for them to see if they are purchasing healthy or unhealthy food. This has to be applied to all supermarket shelves, food packaging, restaurants and canteen menus. My recommendation is for the Mexican government to start monitoring these food labeling as it is not reinforced by the government today. 2. MARKETING The heavy consumption of junk foods and sugary drinks can be greatly influenced by the media due to their food related advertisements. 73% of the food commercials are for junk food. There is a need to protect the children from the pervasive effects of the food marketing. This has a powerful effect on their food preference, knowledge on the purchasing habits of children as well as their parents. My recommendation for the Mexican government would be to put in place to mobile phones, Internet, television and in-school promotions. The government should simply ban the advertising of unhealthy food to children and establish a system of monetary fines if certain companies deviate from this. This will address the environmental factors; if children don’t see it they will not buy it. 3. AVAILABILITY Junk food and soft drinks surround children at every step. Vending machines full of high saturated fats, high sugary drinks are all over the school premises and right outside the schools. No nutritious foods are offered to children in schools. My recommendation is that the central and local Mexican Government should place restrictions on the availability of soft drinks and fast food outlets just like alcohol and smoking restrictions. These restrictions should especially apply to outlets near schools. The increased availability of vegetables and fruits should be highly encouraged especially in schools at an affordable price. Elementary and pre-kindergarten schools should ban junk food from being even allowed to be sold in schools. Low calorie snacks and sugar free drinks should be sold only. This plan will take into considerations environmental, social and epidemiological factors. It will not improve their socio- economic status, but at least nutritious food will be more affordable and available even for the poor. If children will not be surrounded by junk food and soft drinks they will not buy it. 4. EDUCATION DUE TO LACK OF KNOWLEDGE The key to this problem in Mexico is to improve their knowledge about nutrition. This can be done through media since the Mexicans including the children spend hours in front of the TV and through schools. The government should direct media into advocating weight loss programs, healthy eating, the importance of physical exercise, and the long term effects of consuming junk food and soft drinks. The schools need to educate and give tools especially to high school students who have more access to fast foods to make better and healthy choices in school as well as after school. They can then bring the message home to the parents who can then make better choices as well. They need to teach the importance of physical activity. Local school districts need to make physical activity and physical education a higher priority or even mandatory. The children need to be taught the importance of drinking water not sugary high-calorie beverages and that they should eat only when they are hungry and not as their culture says avoid hunger. Local grocery stores need to be worked with and asked to move soda, chips, beer and candy away from the entrance to the store and also increase the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables. These recommendations will address the social and cultural factors associated with obesity. This will improve their education level about nutrition therefore helping them make better choices and help them change their belief system that they have to avoid hunger. References Obesity in the Latino Communities, 2006. Retrieved from www/chc.org/research/ Documents/Obesity_in_Latino_Communities.pdf

A Critical Analasys of Scientific Management Essay

Fredrick Taylor, the father of scientific management. He had a firm belief in â€Å"one best way† (Samson & Daft, 2003), of doing something. In the year 1899, Taylor held an experiment that involved German and Hungarian men, whose job involved some very heavy-duty work (Gabor, 2000). To his disappointment, men either refused to work, or wouldn’t work to his expectations. The men hated him utterly; to the extent he required security when going home (Gabor, 2000). In his entire dilemma with his employers, in stepped Schmidt, a man not of intelligence but had the strength of a bull and an ox-like mentally required to reach the standards of Fredrick Taylor. The story of Schmidt reflected 2 two significant aspects of Taylorism (Gabor, 2000). Firstly, it reflected his aggressive personality, which included his high expectation in people, hence his drive to keep on improving. Secondly, it reflected how he did not understand nor respect the limits of a human being, revealed in his strict and precise managerial style. Scholars of all times seem to criticise this aspect of Taylorism, but despite its deficiency, scientific management soared into the 20th century and remains relevant to today’s organisations. Scientific management has its shortcomings and in some instances not relevant in today’s organisations. Its relevance to today’s organisations is simply the fact that it worked and continues to today. The system had a strict and clear-cut methodical approach. That was because of Taylor’s firm belief that there was one best way. His view of the management’s role was to decide exactly how a task was to be performed and that they were to determine how this would be done (Crainer, 1999). His idea of finding the one best way was the use of a stopwatch and timing the process of doing a task. Further more, tasks would be broken up into smaller processes, timed and done repetitively until the fastest way of performing that specific task would be found. For Taylor, â€Å"no task was too small for improvement† (Olsen, 2001, p. 255). The aim in all the timing and recording was to maximise efficiency and scientific management done that and more. From researching, it can be seen that efficiency is the primary reason for its survival and relevance today i.e. Henry Ford. Scientific management introduced the initiative of a conveyer belt and assembly lines (Olsen, 2001). A development as simple as a conveyer belt has had a huge impact on today’s productivity levels. According to  Henry Ford, production of cars dramatically increased from 100,000 to 200,000 in the year 1908, at the same time reducing about 1500 workers (Perseus Publishing Staff, 2002). Hence, scientific management lowered the cost of production and therefore enabled profit maximisation. The thought behind the conveyer belt or assembly line was to eliminate unnecessary movement. Instead of people having to move themselves to the raw materials and delivering the goods, they stayed put while the goods and raw material would come to them. Before the conveyer belt, workers had to pull the goods around, generally the unskilled workers (Perseus Publishing Staff, 2002). This raises another aspect of scientific management. People were chosen to do particular jobs depending on their physical or mental capacity (Samson & Daft, 2003). From experience, a past co-worker at McDonald who was handicap was subject to cleaning only, scientific management in action today. The relevance of this aspect is that people are chosen to best suit a task designated to them i.e. if it is a physical task, a person with the physical capabilities would be chosen. As mentioned earlier, Schmidt was entirely admired by Taylor as he met Taylor’s expectation (Gabor, 2000). Schmidt had the physical capabilities required of workers in Taylor’s view. A case study on Mc Donald’s indicates the survival of scientific management and its application to today’s organisations (Kerr I. & Darl K., 1995). For instance, the production of a burger is an example of assembly line style of production is applied. In the making of one burger, approximately 5-8 people are involved depending on the size of the McDonald unit. The making of the burger is split into the heating of the buns, grilling of the meat patty, dressing and finally wrapping. Each role may have up to 2 people on each task with specific instructions on how to perform them the tasks. Imagine an individual having to do all of the above; production would be very time consuming. Hence, the relevance of scientific management to organisations today is simply the fact the fact it has proven successful, extremely efficient in the past through Henry Ford (Perseus Publishing Staff, 2002) and st ill is today at McDonalds. Despite all the flourishing outcomes, it had its shortcomings. The greatest of all was the treatment of workers and that problem still exists today. In researching, critics claim people were treated like machines, by removing  unnecessary movement or wasted effort by the observing of and timing of workers (Crainer, 1999). The use of stopwatches was banned in the year 1912 and was not lifted until 1949. At first sight, stopwatches were not generally accepted until Taylor realised that giving workers breaks allowed them to recover from fatigue. However, the need to recover from fatigue suggests work was getting harder and rest was essential. Analysts of management claimed scientific management ignored human characteristics, those such as workers personal needs and physical restriction (http://en.wikipedia.org). Work processes became so efficient workers had no time to relax. Also the fact that each worker done one task repetitively all day, every day, seems to be absolutely machine like treatment. The constant inhumane treatment of the workers led to a strike in 1911 at a munitions factory run by the army (Crainer, 1999). Fredrick Taylor himself quotes †¦Brutally speaking, our scheme (Scientific management) does not ask any initiative in a man. We do not care for his initiative, each employee should receive every day clear-cut, definite instructions as to just what he is to do and how he is to do it, and these instructions should be exactly carried out, whether they are right or wrong. (Crainer, 1999, p.193). This without a doubt shows how Taylor cared less about humans. His sole purpose of efficiency oversaw the fact that humans will always be humans. Taylor tried to overcome this factor by compensating the workers for a hard days work. He introduced the piece rate system payment. This scheme paid workers according to their production output. Workers at the end of the day had to more productive in order to earn an adequate wage (Kerr I. & Darl K., 1995). Compensation is only temporary unless it is sufficient. Statistics show at Midvale Steel Company in the year 1890, within 8 years an increase in production was more than 300% while the increase in wages was only from 25 to 100% (Olson, 2001), which doesn’t sound fair . Despite the introduction of piece rate payment schemes, workers eventually will get fed up and may react in a negative way i.e. strike or quit. Telling workers the precise way of doing something reflects purely shows he did not want them to think or their opinion. Today, the same treatment of humans as robots can be seen. For instance in Samoa, a Japan Company Yazaki runs their factory  producing wires according to Taylor’s theories i.e. assembly lines, strict and specific tasks etc. Business entities claim that people are first, but at the end of the day, management’s decisions are solely based on profit maximisation, efficiency and so forth. Henry Ford complained, â€Å"How come when I want a pair of hands I get a human being as well?†(Crainer, 1999, p.194), hence the rise of machinery. Taylor faced the same difficulties and inspired him to do something about it. His development of machines started with a large steel hammer. Taylor eventually owned more than 100 patents (Olson, 2001). His view was the combination of machinery to assist human, but not to replace them (Olson, 2001). That view is not as evident today. With machines production type organisations see it as a more efficient way of performing a task as it meant fewer errors and fewer workers who may be considered a setback due to their physical and personal limitations. Today in Japan, scientific management has had a vast impact, however, in most factories, people do not run it. Machines normally perform production. According to the Japanese, the â€Å"final ingredient to mass production was technology† (Tsutsui, p.165). Its relevance to organisations today is that technology has substituted people’s weaknesses for almost errorless machines that enables mass production, reduces wages considerably and in turn maximises profit (Olsen, 2001). However, this could arguably be both relevant and non relevant to organisations. With the introduction of machinery and technology, it in turn eliminated the need for unskilled people. Eventually, organisations will require fewer workers because smaller groups with the assistance of machinery can produce the same amount as a large group without machinery. Last but not least of its shortcomings was the deskilling of people. Scientific management may have made production easier in the sense that tasks were small and repetitive. An effect of this was that a skilled worker could easily be replaced by an unskilled worker (Kerr I. & Darl K., 1995). In doing so, there may be a non-foreseeable effect on the organisation. To conclude, scientific management is largely relevant to today’s organisations. The essay suggests that its relevance and application  overrides its negative aspects. Its contribution has enabled mass efficient production. The one best way view of Taylor came out with a substantial improvement in production and machinery. Humans will always be viewed and treated like machines; this deficiency exists and will continue to until scientific management’s approach sees to the human characteristics, which is unlikely. Despite all its pros and cons, it will survive and will be continually applied in organisations today as it has proven to be successful in the past, is today and will continue to be successful in the future. REFERENCES. Crainer, S. (1999). 75 Greatest Management Decisions Ever Made. Saranac Lake, NY, USA: AMACOM. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 4th August 2005, from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/auckland/Doc?id=10018416 Gabor, A. (2000). Capitalist Philosophers: The Geniuses of Modern Business – Their Lives, Times. Westminster, MD, USA: Crown Publishing Group, Incorporated. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 7th August 2005, from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/auckland/Doc?id=2002333 Inkson, K., & Kolb, D. (1995). Management- A New Zealand Perspective. New Zealand: Longman Paul. Olson, J. S. (2001). Encyclopedia of the Industrial Revolution in America. Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 7th August 2005, from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/auckland/Doc?id=10040740 Perseus Publishing Staff (2002). Business: The Ultimate Resource. London, GBR: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 5th August. From: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/auckland/Doc?id=10022156 Samson, D., & Daft, R. L. (2003). Management-Pacific Rim Edition. Victoria, Australia: Thomson Learning Australia. Tsutsui, W. M. (1998). Manufacturing Ideology: Scientific Management in Twentieth-Century Japan. Ewing, NJ, USA: Princeton University Press. [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 6th August 2005, from http://site.ebrary.com/lib/auckland/Doc?id=10035927 Wikipedia online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11th August 2005, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_management.

Efforting to Remain Calm

Efforting to Remain Calm Efforting to Remain Calm Efforting to Remain Calm By Maeve Maddox I have a reader to thank (to blame?) for telling me about a coinage that is new to me. It may have begun with television announcers, but it’s spreading. Since I began looking for it, I’ve even found it in a book on sociology published by W.W. Norton. The word is efforting. Here are some examples of its use by television announcers: We are efforting to restore the signal from Fort Hood. We are efforting her report. Brian Williams, NBC we are efforting, trying to get a reaction from Georgia’s President. Tony Harris, CNN we are efforting to get an interview with General Tommy Franks Here it is in some Web headlines: Rugby Canada/USA Rugby efforting to get second half on EPN July 11 Solution efforting seems to fall in a gap between teams Strong Efforting Team to Avoid Letdown Group efforting signatures to repeal transgender law The genius of English word formation is responsible for keeping the language supplied with new words for new ideas, and I rejoice in it. But I have to admit that I cannot see what new idea this strange new verb expresses. It seems to me that one would try to restore a signal. Couldn’t one attempt to get an interview with someone? Before verbing the noun effort, consider whether one of the following might serve your purpose: attempt endeavor exert oneself make an effort try strive venture work at Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Direct and Indirect Objects8 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesComment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Timeline of Canadas 1970 October Crisis

Timeline of Canadas 1970 October Crisis In October 1970, two cells of the Front de Libà ©ration du Quà ©bec (FLQ), a revolutionary organization promoting an independent and socialist Quebec, kidnapped British Trade Commissioner James Cross and Quebec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte. Armed forces were sent into Quebec to help the police and the federal government invoked the War Measures Act, temporarily suspending civil liberties. Key Events of the October Crisis of  1970 Here is a timeline of the key events during the October Crisis. October 5, 1970British Trade Commissioner James Cross was kidnapped in Montreal, Quebec. Ransom demands from the Liberation cell of the FLQ included the release of 23 political prisoners, $500,000 in gold, broadcast, and publication of the FLQ Manifesto, and an aircraft to take the kidnappers to Cuba or Algeria. October 6, 1970Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau and Quebec Premier Robert Bourassa agreed that decisions on the FLQ demands would be made jointly by the federal government and the Quebec provincial government. The FLQ Manifesto, or excerpts of it, was published by several newspapers. Radio station CKAC received threats that James Cross would be killed if FLQ demands were not met. October 7, 1970Quebec Justice Minister Jerome Choquette said he was available for negotiations. The FLQ Manifesto was read on CKAC radio. October 8, 1970The FLQ Manifesto was read on the CBC French network Radio-Canada. October 10, 1970The Chenier cell of the FLQ kidnapped Quebec Minister of Labour Pierre Laporte. October 11, 1970Premier Bourassa received a letter from Pierre Laporte pleading for his life. October 12, 1970The Army was sent in to guard Ottawa. October 15, 1970The Quebec government invited the Army into Quebec to help local police. October 16, 1970Prime Minister Trudeau announced the proclamation of the War Measures Act, emergency legislation dating from World War I. October 17, 1970The body of Pierre Laporte was found in the trunk of a car at the airport in St.-Hubert, Quebec. November 2, 1970The Canadian federal government and the Quebec provincial government together offered a reward of $150,000 for information leading to the arrest of the kidnappers. November 6, 1970Police raided the hideout of the Chenier cell and arrested Bernard Lortie. Other cell members escaped. November 9, 1970The Quebec Justice Minister asked for the Army to stay in Quebec for another 30 days. December 3, 1970James Cross was released after police discovered where he was being held and the FLQ were given assurance of their safe passage to Cuba. Cross had lost weight but said he was not physically mistreated. December 4, 1970Federal Justice Minister John Turner said the exiles to Cuba would be for life. Five FLQ members received passage to Cuba - Jacques Cossette-Trudel, Louise Cossette-Trudel, Jacques Lanctà ´t, Marc Carbonneau and Yves Langlois. They later moved to France. Eventually, all returned to Canada and served short jail terms for kidnapping. December 24, 1970Troops were withdrawn from Quebec. December 28, 1970Paul Rose, Jacques Rose, and Francis Simard, the remaining three members of the Chenier cell, were arrested. With Bernard Lortie, they were charged with kidnapping and murder. Paul Rose and Francis Simard later received life sentences for murder. Bernard Lortie was sentenced to 20 years for kidnapping. Jacques Rose was initially acquitted but later convicted of being an accessory and sentenced to eight years in prison. February 3, 1971A report from Justice Minister John Turner on the use of the War Measures Act said 497 people were arrested. Of these, 435 were released, 62 were charged, 32 without bail. July 1980A sixth person, Nigel Barry Hamer, was charged in the kidnapping of James Cross. He was later convicted and sentenced to 12 months in jail.

Epidemiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Epidemiology - Assignment Example It also discusses the three parts of the epidemiological triangle in a clear and outright way. Voigt explains various symptoms in the Hong Kong and SARS article. It is evident that the symptom common to all patients is a fever above 38 degrees Celsius. Some patients experience mild respiratory symptoms at the first stage, but later the cold experienced resembles influenza. Statistics shows that 10 percent to 20 percent of the patients have diarrhea. It is also apparent that SARS lead to either bacterial pneumonia or viral pneumonia. SARS was diagnosed in patients who had any of the symptoms. Also, SARS was suspected in patients who had contact with individuals who had been infected with SARS. One was advised to visit the health centers for diagnosis in the case where one had travelled to any of the regions identified by World Health Organization (WHO) as areas with prone to SARS (Voigt, 2013). Voigt also give statistics of the SARS epidemic as per the World Health Organization (WHO) report. The statistics showed that a total of 8,097 people worldwide became infected with SARS during the 2003 outbreak. The patients among these who died were 774. In considering the epidemiological triangle, the host of this epidemic was a farmer in Foshan county in the Guangdong province of china. He died soon after the infection, and there was no definite diagnosis done on his cause of death. The outbreak is believed to have been prone in November of 2002. The unfortunate thing is that the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) informed the World Health Organization (WHO) on February about the outbreak. The report they brought forward at that time showed 305 cases of infected individuals, and that there were 5 deaths caused by the epidemic (Voigt, 2013). Sars Legacy still felt in Hong Kong article shows that lack of openness by the government of china delayed the control effort to the SARS epidemic in the region and thus the disease spread at a high rate in the Guangdong